diff --git a/apps/vdn-static/src/utils/drupal-meta.ts b/apps/vdn-static/src/utils/drupal-meta.ts
index 9078f38..1475417 100644
--- a/apps/vdn-static/src/utils/drupal-meta.ts
+++ b/apps/vdn-static/src/utils/drupal-meta.ts
@@ -60,19 +60,21 @@ export function generateDrupalNodeMeta(
   }
 
   // Add sticky/promote as robots meta
-  if (attributes.sticky || attributes.promote) {
-    meta.custom?.push({
-      name: 'robots',
-      content: 'index, follow',
-    })
-  }
+  if (meta.custom && Array.isArray(meta.custom)) {
+    if (attributes.sticky || attributes.promote) {
+      meta.custom.push({
+        name: 'robots',
+        content: 'index, follow',
+      })
+    }
 
-  // Add status-based robots meta
-  if (!attributes.status) {
-    meta.custom?.push({
-      name: 'robots',
-      content: 'noindex, nofollow',
-    })
+    // Add status-based robots meta
+    if (!attributes.status) {
+      meta.custom.push({
+        name: 'robots',
+        content: 'noindex, nofollow',
+      })
+    }
   }
 
   return meta
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ export function generateArticleContentMeta(
       type: 'article',
     },
     custom: [
-      ...(baseMeta.custom || []),
+      ...(Array.isArray(baseMeta.custom) ? baseMeta.custom : []),
       // Article-specific meta tags
       {
         property: 'article:section',
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ export function generateLearningResourceMeta(
       type: 'article',
     },
     custom: [
-      ...(baseMeta.custom || []),
+      ...(Array.isArray(baseMeta.custom) ? baseMeta.custom : []),
       // Learning resource-specific meta tags
       {
         name: 'resource-type',